Textile Fibers - Types of Fibres

Textile Fibres

Fibre is nothing but hair like structure which is very small in diameter with respect to their length. This fibres are used to make the yarn by spinning. This can be natural (cotton, wool, silk, etc.) or man-made (polyester, nylon, rayon, etc.). 

Following is the classification of the fibres according it’s length and source – 

According to length – 

Their are two categories

1. Staple fibres – 

Short length fibres e.g. cotton, wool

2. Filament fibres – 

Long length fibres e.g. silk, nylon, polyester

According to source – 

Natural fibres –

1. Vegetable Fibres – 

A. Seed Fibres – Cotton, Kapok

B. Bast Fibres – Jute, Hemp, Linen

C. Leaf Fibres – Banana, Sisal, Pineapple

D. Fruit Fibres – Coir

2. Animal – 

A. Hair Fibres – Wool, Mohair

B. Secretion Fibres – Silk

3. Mineral – 

Asbestos, basalt

 

Man-made Fibres – 

1. Regenerated Fibres

A. Cellulosic

I. Pure cellulosic

Viscose, Polynosic, Cupra

II. Modified cellulosic

Tricel, Dicel

III. Misc

Alginate

B. Protein

I. Vegetable source

Zein, Peanut, Soybean

II. Animal source

Casein

2. Inorganic Fibres – 

Glass, Metal, Carbon

3. Synthetic Fibres

Polyester, Polyvinyl, Polyurethane, Acrylic, Nylon, Spandex, Teflon